Possible late diagnosis of the Brugada syndrome in a patient presenting with a primary cardiac arrest.

atrial fibrillation during vagal nerve stimulation in the canine heart: restudying the Moe hypothesis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2013;24:328–35. 14. Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G et al. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 1998;339:659–66. 15. Sahadevan J, Ryu K, Peltz L, Khrestian CM, Stewart RW, Markowitz AH et al. Epicardial mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation in patients: preliminary observations. Circulation 2004;110:3293–9. 16. Cakulev I, Lee S, Sahadevan J, Khrestian C, Waldo AL. New insights into the mechanism of atrial fibrillation in patients. Circulation 2009;18(Suppl. 2):S630. 17. Sanders P, BerenfeldO, Hocini M, Jaı̈s P, VaidyanathanR,Hsu LFet al. Spectral analysis identifies sites of high-frequency activity maintaining atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation 2005;112:789–97. 18. Haissaguerre M, Sanders P, Hocini M, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Sacher F et al. Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: critical structures for termination. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16:1125–37. 19. Yoshida K, Chugh A, Ulfarsson M, Good E, Kuhne M, Crawford T et al. Relationship between the spectral characteristics of atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia that occur after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:11–7. 20. Cuculich PS, Wang Y, Lindsay BD, Faddis MN, Schuessler RB, Damiano RJ Jr et al. Noninvasive characterization of epicardial activation in humans with diverse atrial fibrillation patterns. Circulation 2010;122:1364–72. 21. Narayan SM, Krummen DE, Shivkumar K, Clopton P, Rappel WJ, Miller JM. Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:628–36.